比尔·盖茨：美国错失了截止病毒伸张的最佳机缘 但时刻窗口尚未封锁

There’s no question the United States missed the OPPOrtunity to get ahead of the novel coronavirus. But the window for making important decisions hasn’t closed. The choices we and our leaders make now will have an enormous impact on how soon case numbers start to go down, how long the economy remains shut down and how many Americans will have to bury a loved one because of covid-19.

Our foundation has been working to slow the outbreak for several months. To date, we’ve invested $105 million in efforts to create new therapeutics, expand access to testing, and limit the virus’s impact here in Seattle.

我们的基金会几个月来一向致力于减缓疫情成长。制止今朝，我们已经投入1.05亿美元，用于开拓新的治疗方案、进步检测的可及性和在西雅图限定病毒撒播的影响。

As a result of this work, I’ve spoken with experts and leaders in Washington and across the country. It’s become clear to me that we must take three steps.

因为这些事变，我得以与华盛顿和世界的专家和率领人举办雷同。我很清晰，此刻我们必需采纳三个动作。

First, we need a consistent nationwide approach to shutting down. Despite urging from public health experts, some states and counties haven’t shut down completely. In some states, beaches are still open; in others, restaurants still serve sit-down meals.

起首，我们必要采纳世界同一的闭关法子。尽量民众卫生专家积极催促，一些州县照旧没有完全封锁。在一些州，海滩仍然开放；而在另一些州，餐馆如故提供堂食处事。

This is a recipe for disaster. Because people can travel freely across state lines, so can the virus. The country’s leaders need to be clear: Shutdown anywhere means shutdown everywhere. Until the case numbers start to go down across America — which could take 10 weeks or more — no one can continue business as usual or relax the shutdown. Any confusion about this point will only extend the economic pain, raise the odds that the virus will return, and cause more deaths.

这是做后患无限。因为人们可以自由地穿越州界，病毒也同样可以。这个国度的率领人必要明晰：闭关意味着封锁全部民众场合。没人能继承照常勾当或放松闭关管控，直到全美病例数开始降落，而这将必要10周乃至更长的时刻。做不到这一点会延迟经济阵痛、增进疫情回弹的也许性，以及导致更多的衰亡。

Second, the federal government needs to step up on testing. Far more tests should be made available. We should also aggregate the results so we can quickly identify potential volunteers for clinical trials and know with confidence when it’s time to return to normal. There are good examples to follow: New York state recently expanded its capacity to up to more than 25,000 tests per day.

其次，联邦当局必要增强检测。人们应该得到更多的检测机遇。我们还应汇总测试功效，以便快速甄别出可以举办临床试验的志愿者，而且明晰何时才气规复正常。我们可以效仿一些不错的例子：纽约州最近将其检测手段进步到天天2.5万次以上。

There’s also been some progress on more efficient testing methods, such as the self-swab developed by the Seattle Coronavirus Assessment Network, which allows patients to take a sample themselves without possibly exposing a health worker. I hope this and other innovations in testing are scaled up across the country soon.

我们在开拓更高效的检测方法上也取得了一些盼望，譬喻由“西雅图冠状病毒评估收集”开拓的自检拭子，病人可以在没有医务职员在场的环境下自行采样。我但愿这项技能和其他检测方面的创新可以尽快在世界大局限推广。

Even so, demand for tests will probably exceed the supply for some time, and right now, there’s little rhyme or reason to who gets the few that are available. As a result, we don’t have a good handle on how many cases there are or where the virus is likely headed next, and it will be hard to know if it rebounds later. And because of the backlog of samples, it can take seven days for results to arrive when we need them within 24 hours.

即便云云，检测在一按时刻内也许供不该求，而眼下谁应该得到这些稀缺的检测资源也没有端正可循。正因云云，我们并没有完全把握到底有几多病例，可能病毒接下来会伸张到那边，也很难知道疫情之后是否会反弹。另外，因为检测样本的积存，我们必要在24小时内就获得的功效，也许会耗费七天才气获得。

This is why the country needs clear priorities for who is tested. First on the list should be people in essential roles such as health-care workers and first responders, followed by highly symptomatic people who are most at risk of becoming seriously ill and those who are likely to have been exposed.

这就是为什么这个国度必要明晰哪些人有检测的优先权。在这个名单上，起首应该是那些重要岗亭上的人，譬喻医护事变者和施舍职员，其次是症状明明并有也许成长成重症的人，以及也许已经产抱病毒袒露的人。

The same goes for masks and ventilators. Forcing 50 governors to compete for lifesaving equipment — and hospitals to pay exorbitant prices for it — only makes matters worse.

对付口罩和呼吸机同样云云。让50个州长被迫争急救命的装备，并让医院为此付出奋发的价值，这只会让环境变得更糟。

Finally, we need a data-based approach to developing treatments and a vaccine. Scientists are working full speed on both; in the meantime, leaders can help by not stoking rumors or panic buying. Long before the drug hydroxychloroquine was approved as an emergency treatment for covid-19, people started hoarding it, making it hard to find for lupus patients who need it to survive.

（编辑：湖南网）

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