电子邮件成长简史（中文与英文版）

电子邮件翻译自英文的email或e-mail，它暗示通过电子通信体系举办信件的誊写、发送和吸取。本日行使的最多的通信体系是互联网，同时电子邮件也是互联网上作受接待的成果之一。通过电子邮件体系，您可以用很是低廉的价值（不管发送到那边，都只需承担电话费和网费即可），以很是快速的方法（几秒钟之内可以发送到天下上任何你指定的目标地）,与天下上任何一个角落的收集用户联结系，这些电子邮件可所以笔墨、图象、声音等各类方法。同时，您可以获得大量免费的消息、专题邮件，并实现轻松的信息搜刮。这是任何传统的方法也无法对比的。正是因为电子邮件的行使浅显、投递敏捷、收费低廉，易于生涯、环球流畅无阻，使得电子邮件被普及地应用，它使人们的交换方法获得了极大的改变。

什么是电子邮件呢？每一个申请互联网帐号的用户城市有一个电子邮件地点。它是一个很相同于用户家门牌号码的邮箱地点，可能更精确地说，相等于你在邮局租用了一个信箱。由于传统的信件是由邮递员送到你的家门口，而电子邮件则必要本身去查察信箱，只是您不消跨出家门一步。电子邮件来历于专有电子邮件体系。早在互联网风行早年好久，电子邮件就已经存在了，是在主机-多终端的主从式系统中从一台计较机终端向另一计较机终端传送文本信息的相对简朴的要领而成长起来的。

经验了漫长的进程之后，它此刻已经演酿成为一个越发伟大并富厚得多的体系，可以传送声音、图片、图象、文档等多媒体信息，以至于如数据库或帐目陈诉等越发专业化的文件都可以电子邮件附件的情势在网上分发。此刻，电子邮件已成为很多商家和组织机构的生命血脉。用户可以通过电子邮件的接头会举办项目打点，而且偶然要按照快速，或洲际的电子邮件信息互换举办重要的决定动作。但毫无疑问的是，互联网扩展了其应用的范畴。已往只能在其局域网长举办攀谈的公司此刻可以通过收集与他们的客户、竞争搭档和天下上的任何人举办通讯和交换。一旦某个组织的电子邮件体系运行在支持TCP/IP协议的收集上或具有支持两个互联网邮件处事协议SMTP(简朴邮件传输协议)和POP(邮局协议)之一的互联网网关，它的邮件用户就可以或许毗连到任何具有相似毗连的电子邮件地点上了，而且岂论其电子邮件帐户在那里。

电子邮件的降生

据电子邮件的发现人雷.汤姆林森(Ray Tomlinson)回想道，电子邮件的降生是在1971年秋季(确切的时刻已经无法考据)，其时已经有一种可传输文件的电脑措施以及一种原始的信息措施。但两个措施存在极大的行使范围——譬喻：行使信息措施的人只能给吸取方发送公报，吸取方的电脑还必需与发送方同等。

发现电子邮件时，汤姆林森是马萨诸塞州剑桥的博尔特.贝拉尼克.纽曼研究公司(BBN)公司的重要工程师，其时，这家企业受聘于美国军方，参加Arpanet收集(互联网的前身)的建树和维护事变。汤姆林森对已有的传输文件措施以及信息措施举办研究，研制出一套新措施，它可通过电脑收集发送和吸取信息，再也没有了早年的各种限定。为了让人们都拥有易识此外电子邮箱地点，汤姆林森抉择回收＠标记，标记前面加用户名，后头加用户邮箱地址的地点。电子邮件由此降生。

电子邮件的30年成长过程

固然电子邮件是在70年月发现的，它却是在80年才得以鼓起。70年月的悄然首要是因为其时行使Arpanet收集的人太少，收集的速率也仅为今朝56Kbps尺度速率的二异常之一。受收集速率的限定，当时的用户只能发送些简短的信息，基础别想象此刻那样发送大量照片；到80年月中期，小我私人电脑鼓起，电子邮件开始在电脑迷以及大门生中普及撒播开来；到90年月中期，互联网赏识器降生，环球网民人数激增，电子邮件被广为行使。

Eudora简史

使电子邮件成为主流的第一个措施是Euroda，是由史蒂夫·道纳尔在1988年编写的。因为Euroda是第一个有图形界面的电子邮件打点措施，它很快就成为各公司和大学校园内的首要行使的电子邮件措施。

然而Euroda的职位并没维持太长时刻。跟着互联网的鼓起，Netscape和微软相续推出了它们的赏识器和相干措施。微软和它开拓的Outlook使Euroda逐渐走向衰落。

在已往5年中，关于电子邮件产生的最大变革是基于互联网的电子邮件的鼓起。人们可以通过任何联网的计较机在邮件网站上维护他们的邮件帐号，而不是只能在他们家中或公司的联网电脑上行使邮件。这种邮件是由Hotmail推广的。现在Hotmail已经成为一大热点网站，微软在8月公布，邮件处事的用户已经到达了1.1亿。但微软在1998年收购此网站的时辰却仅用了4亿美元，这个价值其后令Hotmail的建设者沙比尔·布哈蒂尔反悔不迭。

Hotmail的乐成使一大批竞争者获得了开导，很快电子邮件成0为派别网站的必有处事,如雅虎，netscape，Exicite和Lycos等，都有本身的电子邮件处事。

电子邮件成长汗青年表

Email timeline

The telegraph, morse code and the international telex network all performed some of the same functions as email, but the first email as we know it can be traced back to the 70s

Sarah Left
Wednesday March 13, 2002

1971: Ray Tomlinson, a computer engineer working for Bolt Beranek and Newman in Cambridge, Massachusetts, developed a system for sending messages between computers that used the @ symbol to identify addresses. He now can’t remember the first message he sent, or the exact date he sent it.

Tomlinson’s system gained popularity by linking up users on Arpanet, the US department of defence system that became the basis for the internet.

1972: Larry Roberts - also at work on Arpanet - writes the first email management program that develops the ability to list, select, forward, and respond to messages.

1976: Queen Elizabeth II sends an email message on Arpanet, becoming the first head of state to do so.

1988: Steve Dorner invents Eudora, an application that gave a popular face to email by providing a graphical user interface for email management.

1989: The first release of Lotus Notes email software. 35,000 copies are sold in the first year.

1996: Microsoft releases Internet Mail and News 1.0, a feature of its third release of Internet Explorer. This is later renamed Outlook.

1996: A few companies - including the fledgling Hotmail - begin to offer free, use-anywhere, internet email.

1997: About 10 million users world wide have free web mail accounts.

1998: Microsoft buys Hotmail for $400m (£283m).

2001: Email celebrates its 30th anniversary with virtually every business in the developed world signed on.

其他相干资料：

A Brief History of @

The Standard recounts the history of the @ symbol and explains how it became the addressing symbol in email addresses.

www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,24139,00.html

A Brief History of Email

Very broad, very brief history of email.

www.ucmb.ulb.ac.be/documents/email_FAQ/email.history.html

A Brief History of SPAM, and Spam (Wired)

Wired magazine article looking at how unsolicited email became known as spam.

www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,44111,00.html

Are You Sure You Want to Send This Message?

Fortune magazine article about "Great (and not-so-great) moments in e-mail history."

www.fortune.com/fortune/technology/articles/0,15114,418889,00.html

Email Has Come A Long Way

Comprehensive article from CNET, celebrating and looking back at 30 years of email.

news.com.com/2100-1023-274170.html?legacy=cnet

Email History

Thesis, published in 1996, that examines the evolution of ARPAnet email. Also includes a very good timeline.

www.ifla.org/documents/internet/hari1.txt

Email timeline

UK newspaper, The Guardian, presents a basic chronology of the development of email.

www.guardian.co.uk/internetnews/story/0,7369,666750,00.html

Free Email R.I.P.: The Free Email Death-Watch

Timeline details how free email providers are becoming fee-based or disappearing altogether.

www.emailaddresses.com/email_rip.htm

History of Eudora

Short account of the early days of development of the email client, as told by its original creator.

www.dnai.com/~meh/interviews/gopher/english/1a-Steve-Dorner.html

Impacts of Email

General article about email includes an interesting and informative section entitled "Great moments in email history."

www.cet.nau.edu/vte692/module_6/impacts_of_email.html

Origin of the term "spam" to mean net abuse

Brad Templeton explains the etymology of the term SPAM, and also offer a brief history of its usage.

www.templetons.com/brad/spamterm.html

Pine Project History

Read about the development of the Pine "mail system", originally adapted from Elm as an easy-to-use email client.

www.washington.edu/pine/overview/project-history.html

Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978

Brad Templeton collects the first spam message ever sent, along with the many reactions to it.

www.templetons.com/brad/spamreact.html

Talking Headers

Extract from the book Where Wizards Stay up Late, as published in the Washinton Post magazine, recounts the history of email.

www.olografix.org/gubi/estate/libri/wizards/email.html

The First Email Message

Article about the invention of email, including the story of the first email ever sent, with quotes from the man who sent it, Ray Tomlinson.

www.pretext.com/mar98/features/story2.htm

The History of LISTSERV

Comprehensive document looking back at the development and growth of this automatic mailing list server software, first used in 1985 on BITNET.

www.lsoft.com/products/default.asp?item=listserv-history

The History of ihnp4 and The Growth of the Email Network

The name of this site pretty much says it all. Timelines illustrating the development of ihnp4 and email.

www.research.att.com/%7Egjm/nostalgia/ihnp4.html

The Interoperability Report

History of email focusing mainly on the technical aspects of its development.

www.brandenburg.com/articles/EMail.Origins.txt

The Interoperability Report

History of email focusing mainly on the technical aspects of its development.

www.brandenburg.com/articles/EMail.Origins.txt